Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
moralka, eticke rizeni, banking, morality, eticky kodex, ethical decision-making, bankovnictvi, csob, ethics, etika, code of ethicsKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
251.
Novotná, Romana
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2005, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2005, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
252.
Novotný, Stanislav
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2005, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2005, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
253.
Oller, Dávid
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2012, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Financial Trades)
Master's thesis defence: Etika a kriminalita bielych golierov | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2012, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Financial Trades)
Master's thesis defence: Etika a kriminalita bielych golierov | Theses on a related topic
254.
Oller, Dávid
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance
Master's thesis defence: Formy kriminality bielych golierov v ekonomike Českej a Slovenskej republiky | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance
Master's thesis defence: Formy kriminality bielych golierov v ekonomike Českej a Slovenskej republiky | Theses on a related topic
255.
Ondráčková, Tereza maiden name: Perlíková
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vývoj bankovního systému v České republice | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vývoj bankovního systému v České republice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vývoj bankovního systému v České republice | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vývoj bankovního systému v České republice | Theses on a related topic
256.
Osička, Martin
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
257.
Paclíková, Eva
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Small and Medium Enterprises Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv změny managementu a přesídlení centrály na firemní kulturu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Small and Medium Enterprises Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv změny managementu a přesídlení centrály na firemní kulturu | Theses on a related topic
258.
Pálenský, Robert
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Finance and Economy of Local Authorities)
Master's thesis defence: Kriminalita "bílých límečků" a etický kodex ve finanční sféře | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Finance and Economy of Local Authorities)
Master's thesis defence: Kriminalita "bílých límečků" a etický kodex ve finanční sféře | Theses on a related topic
259.
Pavlíčková, Jitka
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2005, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Finance and Economy of Local Authorities)
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2005, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Finance and Economy of Local Authorities)
260.
Pecková, Dita
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Financial Trades)
Master's thesis defence: Vznik nové banky v České republice a Slovenské republice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Financial Trades)
Master's thesis defence: Vznik nové banky v České republice a Slovenské republice | Theses on a related topic
261.
Pešl, Lukáš
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
262.
Peterzilová, Andrea maiden name: Peterzilová
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Regional Development / Management and Regional Development
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza rizik jako nástroj boje proti korupci | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Regional Development / Management and Regional Development
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza rizik jako nástroj boje proti korupci | Theses on a related topic
263.
Petrášová, Iveta
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2003, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2003, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
264.
Pilátová, Miloslava
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2005, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Finance and Economy of Local Authorities)
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2005, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Finance and Economy of Local Authorities)
265.
Pilátová, Miloslava
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2003, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2003, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
266.
Pilčíková, Magdaléna
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2024, studies under way
Programme/field: Security & Safety Management / Security & Safety Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Mravnostní kriminalita páchaná na dětech
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2024, studies under way
Programme/field: Security & Safety Management / Security & Safety Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Mravnostní kriminalita páchaná na dětech
267.
Pinčeková, Žaneta maiden name: Centárová
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Legal Administration in Undertaking
Bachelor's thesis defence: Portfólio produktov mBank | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Legal Administration in Undertaking
Bachelor's thesis defence: Portfólio produktov mBank | Theses on a related topic
268.
Pokladii, Yelyzaveta
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Enterprise Management (combination/specialization: Marketing a brand management)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Význam podnikové kultury a etiky v řízení podniku | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Význam podnikové kultury a etiky v řízení podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Enterprise Management (combination/specialization: Marketing a brand management)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Význam podnikové kultury a etiky v řízení podniku | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Význam podnikové kultury a etiky v řízení podniku | Theses on a related topic
269.
Polák, Matúš
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza úverového procesu vo vybranej komerčnej banke a návrh procesných zmien | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza úverového procesu vo vybranej komerčnej banke a návrh procesných zmien | Theses on a related topic
270.
Pospíchalová, Jana
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Společenská úroveň uvnitř "kamenné" instituce | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Společenská úroveň uvnitř "kamenné" instituce | Theses on a related topic
271.
Procházková, Irena
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Postavení vybrané banky ČR v konkurenčním prostředí ostatních peněžních ústavů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Postavení vybrané banky ČR v konkurenčním prostředí ostatních peněžních ústavů | Theses on a related topic
272.
Prokešová, Martina
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Financial Trades)
Master's thesis defence: Švýcarská bankovní soustava | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Financial Trades)
Master's thesis defence: Švýcarská bankovní soustava | Theses on a related topic
273.
Provida, Elena maiden name: Šelest
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Reklama v bankovním sektoru | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Reklama v bankovním sektoru | Theses on a related topic
274.
Přibyl, Petr
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh optimalizace úvěrových produktů pro konkrétní firmu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh optimalizace úvěrových produktů pro konkrétní firmu | Theses on a related topic
275.
Přikrylová, Monika
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Information Technologies (combination/specialization: Project Manager of Information Systems)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Outsourcing IT, jeho přínosy a úskalí pro organizaci | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Information Technologies (combination/specialization: Project Manager of Information Systems)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Outsourcing IT, jeho přínosy a úskalí pro organizaci | Theses on a related topic
276.
Pupíková, Karolína
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Financial Trades)
Master's thesis defence: Porovnání bankovního trhu ČR a vybrané země EU | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Financial Trades)
Master's thesis defence: Porovnání bankovního trhu ČR a vybrané země EU | Theses on a related topic
277.
Radová, Lenka
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager, Banking Manager, Banking Manager)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Chytré karty | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager, Banking Manager, Banking Manager)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Chytré karty | Theses on a related topic
278.
Redondo, Klára
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
279.
Redžepi, Amine
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Komparácia Islamského bankového systému s tradičným bankovým systémom | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Komparácia Islamského bankového systému s tradičným bankovým systémom | Theses on a related topic
280.
Rejmanová, Lucie
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance
Master's thesis defence: Návrh investičního portfolia | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance
Master's thesis defence: Návrh investičního portfolia | Theses on a related topic
281.
Reksziová, Simona
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance
Master's thesis defence: Elektronické bankovníctvo – jeho riziká a trendy rozvoja | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance
Master's thesis defence: Elektronické bankovníctvo – jeho riziká a trendy rozvoja | Theses on a related topic
282.
Ripel, Daniel
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Finance and Economy of Local Authorities)
Master's thesis defence: Světové pojetí moderního bankovnictví | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Využití moderních technologií a obchodních přístupů v českém bankovnictví | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Finance and Economy of Local Authorities)
Master's thesis defence: Světové pojetí moderního bankovnictví | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Využití moderních technologií a obchodních přístupů v českém bankovnictví | Theses on a related topic
283.
Ručkay, Dalibor
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Hrozby elektronického bankovníctva | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Hrozby elektronického bankovníctva | Theses on a related topic
284.
Ryšavá, Jana maiden name: Bláhová
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Legal Administration in Undertaking
Bachelor's thesis defence: Bankovní smlouvy a jejich využití v praxi | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Legal Administration in Undertaking
Bachelor's thesis defence: Bankovní smlouvy a jejich využití v praxi | Theses on a related topic
285.
Sabol, Richard
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance
Master's thesis defence: Medzinárodné bankovníctvo a jeho prognózy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance
Master's thesis defence: Medzinárodné bankovníctvo a jeho prognózy | Theses on a related topic
286.
Sajanová, Miroslava
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance
Master's thesis defence: Menová politika centrálnej banky na začiatku 21. storočia | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance
Master's thesis defence: Menová politika centrálnej banky na začiatku 21. storočia | Theses on a related topic
287.
Sajašová, Klára
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2003, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2003, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
288.
Sedláčková, Lenka
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2005, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2005, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
289.
Sedlák, Miroslav
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Financial Trades)
Master's thesis defence: Komparace hypotečního bankovnictví v ČR a SR | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Financial Trades)
Master's thesis defence: Komparace hypotečního bankovnictví v ČR a SR | Theses on a related topic
290.
Sedláková, Kateřina
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2005, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2005, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management
291.
Seif, Lubomír
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2002, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2002, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
292.
Sekerák, Peter
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance
Master's thesis defence: Strategické riadenie ľudských zdrojov v Československej obchodnej banke | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance
Master's thesis defence: Strategické riadenie ľudských zdrojov v Československej obchodnej banke | Theses on a related topic
293.
Shevchenyuk, Maryana
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Historie Československé obchodní banky po vstupu zahraničního kapitálu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Historie Československé obchodní banky po vstupu zahraničního kapitálu | Theses on a related topic
294.
Sinchura, Oleksandra
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Insurance Industry)
Master's thesis defence: Analýza bankopojistných produktů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Finance (combination/specialization: Insurance Industry)
Master's thesis defence: Analýza bankopojistných produktů | Theses on a related topic
295.
Skaličanová, Monika
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Legal Administration in Undertaking
Bachelor's thesis defence: Etika verzus právo v podnikateľskom prostredí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Legal Administration in Undertaking
Bachelor's thesis defence: Etika verzus právo v podnikateľskom prostredí | Theses on a related topic
296.
Sobota, Ľuboš maiden name: Sobota
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Legal Administration in Undertaking
Bachelor's thesis defence: Proces poskytnutia hypotekárneho úveru v ČSOB | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Banking Institute/College of Banking SK
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Legal Administration in Undertaking
Bachelor's thesis defence: Proces poskytnutia hypotekárneho úveru v ČSOB | Theses on a related topic
297.
Spálenka, Ondřej
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Information Technologies (combination/specialization: IT Service Manager)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Případová studie aplikace ETL procesů v bankovním prostředí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Information Technologies (combination/specialization: IT Service Manager)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Případová studie aplikace ETL procesů v bankovním prostředí | Theses on a related topic
298.
Spěvák, Martin
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2003, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2003, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
299.
Straka, Václav
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Podniková ekonomika
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Podniková ekonomika
300.
Strnad, Lukáš
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vydávání a používání platebních karet | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: AMBIS University
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Banking / Banking Management (combination/specialization: Banking Manager)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vydávání a používání platebních karet | Theses on a related topic