This article presents a comparative law and empirical analysis of the application of international humanitarian law (IHL) provisions in four key conflict zones - Ukraine, the Gaza Strip, Syria, and Afghanistan - from 2014 to 2024. The research methodology is based on a combination of content analysis, statistical data, and expert interviews. Based on this approach, numerous systemic violations of children's rights were identified. These include forced displacement, recruitment into armed groups, sexual violence, and extrajudicial executions. Despite a comprehensive international legal regulation, in particular the Geneva Conventions and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the implementation of relevant norms in the context of armed conflicts is uneven and often insufficient. The results of the study indicate a significant gap between legal regulation and its actual implementation. This emphasizes the need for more effective accountability mechanisms and for deeper integration of IHL principles into national and regional legal systems. The article contributes to the development of modern legal science by offering a structured comparative assessment of law enforcement and formulating recommendations for improving legal and institutional mechanisms to improve the children's protection during armed conflicts.