This article explores the historical roots and development of eugenic ideologies, focusing on their impact on educational practices, at-titudes, and policies concerning people with disabilities. Drawing on histo-rical sources and relevant legislation, especially in the context of Czechos-lovakia, it analyzes how eugenic thinking shaped segregated educational systems, denied access to education, and influenced public discourse on the “educability” of individuals with disabilities. It highlights sterilization and euthanasia programs and their implications for educational inclusion, social recognition, and human rights. The study also reflects on how past exclusionary practices shaped the rise of contemporary inclusive educa-tion, emphasizing the role of special education in addressing historical in-justices and promoting ethical, humanistic approaches in current pedago-gical theory and practice. By linking historical eugenic policies to modern educational challenges, the article deepens the understanding of the ethi-cal foundations of inclusive education.