The question of orphanhood is also addressed by Jan Amos Komenský in his essay "On Orphanhood". The main aim of the paper will be to put Komenský's ideas into the current educational reality of the orphanage and to introduce the reader to the specifics of special educational intervention for children who have lost one or both parents. First, we will introduce the research designof the setting under study. We will then present our findings and identifyareas of the lives of orphaned children and young adults that are most affected by this serious reality. In the discussion, we will offer options for modifying the educational approaches we have proposed based on the requirements of orphaned children and young adults themselves.